Among dendritic architectures, polyanionic dendritic polymers have emerged as novel versatile platforms for applications in nanomedicine. Their appealing properties, such as high functional surface, low polydispersity, hydrophilicity, enhanced circulation time in the blood stream, and superior biocompatibility compared to their cationic counterparts, make anionic dendritic polymers ideal candidates for the biomedical field. In this book chapter, the biomedical applications of anionic dendritic polymers are discussed, with a focus on recent examples ranging from drug delivery to anti‐viral and anti‐inflammatory drugs.