Area detectors are used to detect contamination by a direct measurement. Tissues, gloves and surfaces can be directly checked for potential contaminations.
Berthold LB 123
The Berthold LB 123 is a gas detector that works in the proportional voltage range. It reasonably well detects beta- and gamma emmiters. We use it in our active lab and the radiochemistry lab course as a standard detector for a direct contamination control.
Berthold LB 124
The LB 124 is a scintillation counter and can differentiate between alpha and beta emmiters. It is used in our everyday lab work for contamination measurements and for longer direct measurements. The differentiation between alpha and beta / gamma emmiters makes it a prime detector for radionuclide mixtures and "Freigaben", the term for officially declaring a potentially contaminated item as "not contaminated".
For liquid scintillation counting a small amount of the radioaktive sample is dissolved in a suitable cocktail and measured. Small quantities of even weak beta emitters and alpha emitters can be measured with a high relative response probability due to the direct contact of the radioactive sample with the scintillation material