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[3]Radialene Fluorophores with pH-Switchable Emission and Stable Absorption Maxima

Jan P. Soyka, J. Felix Witte, Anja Wiesner, Alexander R. Krappe, Dana Wehner, Nicola Alnicola, Beate Paulus, Ute Resch-Genger, Siegfried Eigler – 2025

The first push–pull quino [3]radialene fluorescent dye is reported. Herein, the novel bis(dicyanomethylene)-[3]radialene electron acceptor is connected to a benzimidazole donor. With protonation, a substantial redshift of fluorescence wavelength is observed, while the absorption maximum remains stable. This process is accompanied with an increased fluorescence quantum yield to about 70%. Further, the findings are explained by a combined experimental and theoretical approach, and it is found that vibronic coupling plays a crucial role. This study highlights the yet unexplored potential of [3]radialene-based motifs for the design of environment-responsive fluorophores.

Title
[3]Radialene Fluorophores with pH-Switchable Emission and Stable Absorption Maxima
Author
Jan P. Soyka, J. Felix Witte, Anja Wiesner, Alexander R. Krappe, Dana Wehner, Nicola Alnicola, Beate Paulus, Ute Resch-Genger, Siegfried Eigler
Date
2025
Identifier
DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202500669
Citation
Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2025, 28, e202500669
Type
Text