name	title	fuMetaTitel	body	fuDCcreator	fuDCcreatorLinks	fuDCpublisher	fuDCpublisherLocation	fuDCSizeOrDuration	fuDCdateYear	fuDCdateMonth	fuDCdateDay	fuDCsubject	fuDCrelationPartOf	fuDCrelation	fuDClanguage	fuDCsource	fuDCcontributor	fuDCtype	fuDCformat	fuDCidentifier	fuDCcoverage	fuDCrights	fuDCdescriptionDE	fuDCdescriptionEN	fuDCIdentifierBibliographicCitation	fuBild	fuDCBibtex	fuLinksZumThema
KA990	A Functional Blister-Pack LabDisk System for Point of Care Testing			"van Oordt, T.; Strohmeier, O.; Mark, D.; Kosse, D.; Roth, G.; Achazi, K.; Patel, P.; Linke, S.; Paust, N.; Weidmann, M.; Drexler, J.; Hufert, F.; Zengerle, R.; Eberhard, M.; Niedrig, M.; von Stetten, F."		Int J Med Microbiol			2012	9						https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/108670		conferencePaper		1438-4221								
KA991	Development of Rapid Diagnostic Platform for Detection of Category A Biothreat Pathogens in the Field			"Patel, P.; Weidmann, M.; Achazi, K.; Linke, S.; Strohmeier, O.; Mark, D.; van Oordt, T.; Drexler, J.; Eberhard, M.; von Stetten, F.; Niedrig, M."					2012	2	26					https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/110997		conferencePaper										
KA992	RNA interference inhibits replication of tick-borne encephalitis virus in vitro			"Achazi, K.; Patel, P.; Paliwal, R.; Radonic, A.; Niedrig, M.; Donoso-Mantke, O."		Antiviral Res			2012	1		"*RNA Interference; Animals; Base Sequence; Chlorocebus aethiops; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/*genetics/physiology; HEK293 Cells; Humans; RNA, Small Interfering; Transfection; Vero Cells; Viral Envelope Proteins/analysis; Virus Replication/*genetics"				https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.https://doi.org/10.023		journalArticle		1872-9096 (Electronic) 0166-3542 (Linking)				Each year, up to 10,000 cases of infections with the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus that affect the central nervous system are reported in Europe and Asia. Due to the potentially severe adverse effects of post-exposure prophylaxis with TBE virus hyperimmunoglobulin, TBE can currently only be treated symptomatically. An RNA interference (RNAi) approach to inhibit TBE virus replication was therefore developed. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted at the TBE virus genome reduce the quantity of infectious TBE virus particles, TBE virus genome, and TBE virus protein in vitro by up to 85%. The 50% inhibitory dose (DI(50)) of the shRNA plasmid was only 0.05mug/ml. As RNAi-based therapeutics for other diseases are already being evaluated in phases II and III clinical trials, it is possible that RNAi could become valuable tool for controlling TBE virus infection.				
KA993	The specificity of cytokinin signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by differing ligand affinities and expression profiles of the receptors			"Stolz, A.; Riefler, M.; Lomin, S. N.; Achazi, K.; Romanov, G. A.; Schmulling, T."		Plant J			2011	7		"Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism; Arabidopsis/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism; Cytokinins/genetics/metabolism/*physiology; DNA, Complementary; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Reporter; Histidine Kinase; Ligands; Meristem/metabolism; Mutation; Plant Growth Regulators/genetics/metabolism/*physiology; Plant Leaves/metabolism; Plant Roots/metabolism; Plant Stomata/metabolism; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/metabolism; RNA, Plant/genetics; Seedlings/metabolism; Signal Transduction/*physiology; Transgenes/genetics"				https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04584.x		journalArticle		1365-313X (Electronic) 0960-7412 (Linking)				Arabidopsis thaliana has three membrane-located cytokinin receptors (AHK2, AHK3 and CRE1/AHK4), which are sensor histidine kinases containing a ligand-binding CHASE domain. Despite their structural similarity the role of these receptors differs in planta. Here we have explored which parameters contribute to signal specification. In a bacterial assay, the CHASE domain of AHK2 has a similar ligand binding spectrum as CRE1/AHK4. It shows the highest affinity for isopentenyladenine (iP) and trans-zeatin (tZ) with an apparent K(D) of 1.4 and 4.0 nm, respectively. Real-time PCR analysis of cytokinin primary response genes in double mutants retaining only single receptors revealed that all receptors are activated in planta by cytokinin concentrations in the low nanomolar range. However, there are differences in sensitivity towards the principal cytokinins iP and tZ. The activation of the cytokinin-sensitive P(ARR5) :GUS reporter gene in three different double mutants shows specific, but also overlapping, spatial domains of activity, which were for all receptors predominantly in the shoot apical meristems and root cap columella. AHK2 and AHK3 signal specifically in leaf parenchyma cells, AHK3 in stomata cells, and CRE1/AHK4 in the root vasculature. Promoter-swap experiments demonstrate that CRE1/AHK4 can functionally replace AHK2 but not AHK3. However, the cytoplasmic AHK3 histidine kinase (Hk) domain can be replaced by the CRE1/AHK4 Hk domain, which suggests that functionality is mediated in this case by the extracytosolic domain. Together, the data show that both differential gene expression and ligand preference contribute to specify the receptor activity.				
KA994	Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus			"Donoso-Mantke, O.; Domingo, C.; Radonic, A.; Hagedorn, P.; Achazi, K.; Niedrig, M."		Molecular Detection of Human Viral Pathogens			2011							https://doi.org/10.1201/b13590		bookSection										
KA995	Molecular diagnosis of flaviviruses			"Domingo, C.; Patel, P.; Linke, S.; Achazi, K.; Niedrig, M."		Future Virology			2011	9		"flaviviruses; lamp; linked-immunosorbent-assay; mediated isothermal amplification; molecular diagnosis; nasba; polymerase-chain-reaction; quality-control assessment; quantitative real-time; real-time pcr; reverse-transcriptase pcr; rt-pcr; rt-pcr assay; tick-borne encephalitis; west-nile-virus; yellow-fever-virus"				https://doi.org/10.2217/Fvl.11.77		journalArticle		1746-0794				The genus Flavivirus includes major pathogens such as dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Molecular amplification assays for the diagnosis of flaviviruses have been developed in the last decades. These assays were formerly based on reverse transcriptase PCR, while in recent years the real-time reverse transcriptase PCR format has taken a predominant role. In this article, we focus on the more recent developments for the molecular diagnosis of flaviviruses, with special attention to those based on new methodologies such as nucleic acid sequence-based amplification or loop-mediated isothermal amplification techniques. These new approaches may provide a good profile of sensitivity and specificity and offer a real chance to implement flavivirus molecular diagnosis in clinical and point-of-care settings.				
KA996	Rodents as sentinels for the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus			"Achazi, K.; Ruzek, D.; Donoso-Mantke, O.; Schlegel, M.; Ali, H. S.; Wenk, M.; Schmidt-Chanasit, J.; Ohlmeyer, L.; Ruhe, F.; Vor, T.; Kiffner, C.; Kallies, R.; Ulrich, R. G.; Niedrig, M."		Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases			2011	6		"Animals; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/genetics/*isolation & purification; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/epidemiology/*veterinary; Genetic Variation; Norway/epidemiology; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Prevalence; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification; Rodent Diseases/*epidemiology; Rodentia; Sentinel Surveillance"				https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.20https://doi.org/10.0236		journalArticle		1557-7759 (Electronic) 1530-3667 (Print) 1530-3667 (Linking)				INTRODUCTION: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes one of the most important flavivirus infections of the central nervous system, affecting humans in Europe and Asia. It is mainly transmitted by the bite of an infected tick and circulates among them and their vertebrate hosts. Until now, TBE risk analysis in Germany has been based on the incidence of human cases. Because of an increasing vaccination rate, this approach might be misleading, especially in regions of low virus circulation. METHOD: To test the suitability of rodents as a surrogate marker for virus spread, laboratory-bred Microtus arvalis voles were experimentally infected with TBEV and analyzed over a period of 100 days by real-time (RT)-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Further, the prevalence of TBEV in rodents trapped in Brandenburg, a rural federal state in northeastern Germany with autochthonous TBE cases, was determined and compared with that in rodents from German TBE risk areas as well as TBE nonrisk areas. RESULTS: In experimentally infected M. arvalis voles, TBEV was detectable in different organs for at least 3 months and in blood for 1 month. Ten percent of all rodents investigated were positive for TBEV. However, in TBE risk areas, the infection rate was higher compared with that of areas with only single human cases or of nonrisk areas. TBEV was detected in six rodent species: Apodemus agrarius, Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus agrestis, Microtus arvalis, and Myodes glareolus. M. glareolus showed a high infection rate in all areas investigated. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The infection experiments proved that TBEV can be reliably detected in infected M. arvalis voles. These voles developed a persistent TBE infection without clinical symptoms. Further, the study showed that rodents, especially M. glareolus, are promising sentinels particularly in areas of low TBEV circulation.				
KA997	Detection and differentiation of tick-borne encephalitis virus subtypes by a reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and pyrosequencing			"Achazi, K.; Nitsche, A.; Patel, P.; Radonic, A.; Donoso Mantke, O.; Niedrig, M."		J Virol Methods			2011	1		"DNA Primers/genetics; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/*classification/genetics/*isolation &; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/*diagnosis/virology; Humans; Oligonucleotide Probes/genetics; purification; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods; Virology/*methods"				https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.20https://doi.org/10.09.026		journalArticle		1879-0984 (Electronic) 0166-0934 (Linking)				Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus causes one of the most important flaviviral infections of the human central nervous system in Europe and Asia. In recent years the rate of TBE infection has been raising and the virus has been spreading to new areas. Currently, the diagnosis of TBE is based on detection of specific antibodies in patients' sera which appear as late as about 2 weeks post-infection. For a timely diagnosis of TBE virus infections and epidemiological studies, a TBE virus-specific reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) followed by pyrosequencing was developed. The assay is based on one degenerated primer pair detecting all three human-pathogenic TBE virus subtypes with a detection limit of 10 copies. Even though primers and probe are highly degenerated, the assay is specific for TBE virus species and detects all subtypes with a comparable sensitivity. Furthermore, TBE virus RT-qPCR could be carried out as one-step or two-step assay. RT-qPCR can be followed by pyrosequencing which allows a rapid subtyping of TBE viruses. For detection purposes an internal control to monitor RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and amplification is included. In summary, the method is sensitive, highly specific and easy-to-handle tool for the detection and differentiation of TBE virus in the early phase of illness or in TBE host animal species and ticks.				
KA998	Nephropathia epidemica with a 6-week incubation period after occupational exposure to Puumala hantavirus			"Kramski, M.; Achazi, K.; Klempa, B.; Kruger, D. H."		Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology			2009	1		"*Infectious Disease Incubation Period; *Occupational Exposure; Adult; Animals; Female; Finland; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/physiopathology/*virology; Humans; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Puumala virus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification; RNA, Viral/genetics; Sequence Analysis, DNA"				https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2008.https://doi.org/10.005		journalArticle		1386-6532 (Print) 1386-6532 (Linking)				Serological and molecular evidence showed that a German female student became infected by Puumala hantavirus during mice trapping efforts in Finland. The incubation period before exhibiting clinical signs of nephropathia epidemica was as long as 6 weeks. Phylogenetic analysis of PUUV nucleic acid sequences amplified from the patient demonstrate that she was infected by the PUUV strain circulating at the place of her occupational exposure in Finland.				
KA999	Serological versus PCR methods for the detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus infections in humans			"Mantke, O. D.; Achazi, K.; Niedrig, M."		Future Virology			2007	11		"antibodies; assay; blood; dengue; diagnosis; external quality assurance; flaviviruses; laboratory diagnostics; quality-control assessment; rna; rt-pcr; serology; tick-borne encephalitis virus; vaccination; viral encephalitis"				https://doi.org/10.2217/17460794.2.6.565		journalArticle		1746-0794				Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is the most important flaviviral etiological agent affecting the CNS in Europe and Asia, where it has a significant impact on public health. Current laboratory diagnosis is based mainly on the detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by serological methods. However, recent developments in PCR methods could reveal that molecular diagnostics may play a more important role than previously described, especially for the early differential diagnosis of TBE. This review considers the recent developments in TBE diagnostics. The advantages and disadvantages of both serological and molecular methods are presented. Moreover, the results of quality control assessment studies for serological and PCR diagnosis of TBE infections are discussed, showing the need for some laboratories to improve their test systems with regards to sensitivity and specificity. Both diagnostic techniques will continue to be valuable approaches in clinical diagnosis and TBE research.